Tuesday, July 30, 2013

Topic 3 - Hitler Notes


Historiography

Main Arguments:
A.J.P Taylor
·       Germany didn’t take signing seriously
·       Germans intended to repudiate it at some time, if it did not fall to pieces on its own absurdity
David Thompson
·       Allies could do no more than try to produce some order from chaos, determine the details of frontiers, and plan projects of compensation, and leave the achievement of greater precision and perfection to subsequent negotiation
·       Biggest mistake was to mention at all the ideals of absolute justice or perpetual peace – impossible outcome
Fritz Fischer
·       Germany between 1914 and 1918 tried to secure a position in the world which she believed was hers by right
·       This idea did not disappear with the fall of the monarch in 1918
John Terrain
·       War guilt clause was a stigma on the entire German nation
·       They resented it
G. Schultz
·       War ended with the collapse of the strongest military powers in Europe
·       Allies were therefore objectively free to decide their policies without limiting factors
·       Peacemakers failed to establish a permanent order
John Sherer
·       German sovereignty survived
·       Treaty restrictions were irksome, but made no serious inroads on national sovereignty
·       Made German nationalism
·       Created Hitler
·       Weakened but no so weakened that it could not rise again within a generation to threaten the balance of world power
Douglas Newton
·       Whether Germany was treated justly is not a question of fact but of moral judgment
·       Hash, but victorious Germany would have been harsh too
·       Peace fell short of the ideals of reconciliation

Quoted Evidence that suggests the Treaty was harsh to Germany:
·       A.J.P Taylor - “The treaty seemed to them wicked, unfair, dictation, slave treaty.’
·       Douglas Newton – “Peace which fell short of ideals of reconciliation”
Quoted Evidence that suggests the Treaty was fair to Germany:
·       John Sherer – “German Empire survived…it’s sovereignty was secure...alone of all the defeated nations it preserved its territorial unity.  The treaty restrictions were irksome, but made no serious inroads on national sovereignty.”  “Germany was weakened, but not so weakened it could that it could not rise.”

What historians claim the Treaty caused problems for the future? What were some of those problems?
·       APJ Taylor – “Germans intended to repudiate it at some time in the future.”
·       David Thompson - “The mentality [to secure a position in the world, which she believed was he right] did not disappear with the fall of the monarchy”
·       John Sherer – “Provided a powerful stimulus for German nationalism

To What extent does the Treaty of Versailles reflect that the Great War was not the war to end war?
·       John Sherer – “Germany was weakened, but not so weakened that it could not rise within a generation to threaten the balance of world power.”
·       Douglas Newton - “The absence of any genuine peace negotiations…made all of Germany believe the [Weimar] Republic had been treated shabbily. 

Prioritize each source in terms of usefulness and reliability to a historian studying the aftermath of the Great War:
·       Douglas Newton
·       John Sherer
·       AJP Taylor
·       G Shultz
·       Fritz Fisher
·       John Terrain

Weaknesses of the Weimar Republic:
Instability and server problems
·       Ineffective constitution
·       Left –wing rebellions
·       Right-wing terrorism
·       Inflations crisis of 1923


Failures of the Weimar Republic

Craig:
·       The Republic’s basic vulnerability was rooted in the circumstances of its creation

Geary:
·       The Weimar Republic failed to build on the fundamental compromises achieved in 1918; it had lost the hearts and the minds of the people

Ardagh
·       Germans were loosing faith in the very principle of parliamentary democracy…a growing number of politicians believed that democracy was unworkable

Hiden
·       No single problem ‘caused’ the downfall of the Weimar Republic…the interactions of…problems, many of which predated the Republic, progressively weakened the new German state.



No comments:

Post a Comment